Non-proliferation is a major concern of the international community, the United States, and Russia. This thesis examines Russia's role in the nonproliferation regime through 2004. Russia has continually said it is committed to non-proliferation; however, some of its actions contradict its rhetoric. Although Russia's violation of international agreements on nonproliferation is minimal, it is important to understand why Russia transfers nuclear technology. This thesis uses two case studies -- Russian nuclear sales to Iran and India.